Havacılık, Hava Gücünün Doğuşu ve Birinci Dünya Savaşına Etkisi

Havacılık kavramı çok yakın zamana kadar Wright kardeşlerle özdeşleşmiş ve ilk
uçağın uçuşu milat kabul edilmiştir. Bu duruma bazı ülkelerde itirazlar olmaktadır.
Hemen her ülke havacılığı kendine mal etme iddiasındadır. Avrupalılar genel olarak
Yunan efsanelerini kabul etmiş gözükmektedir. Oysa havacılık insanlığın ortak
birikimidir. Modern havacılık balonla güç kazanmış takiben planörle gelişmiştir.
Nihayetinde uçağın icadıyla insanlık tarihinin şekillenmesine tesir edecek kadar
önemli hale gelmiştir. Balonlar ve uçaklar Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda ordularda aynı
zamanda kullanılmıştır. Balonlar zamanla uçak karşısında konumunu kaybetmiş
olmasına rağmen 1930’lara kadar adından söz ettirmiştir. Hava araçlarının askeri
maksatla kullanılması ile harplerin mantığı ve etki alanı da köklü değişiklikler
geçirmiştir. Savunma yerini taarruza bırakmıştır. Topyekün harp konsepti bütün
devletlerin kaçınamayacağı kadar etkili olmuştur. Havacılık bir yüzyıl evvel demir
yolunun etkisine benzer bir etki ile güçlü devletlerin milli hedeflerine ulaşma
vasıtası olmuştur ve halen de öyledir. Bu kapsamda Osmanlı devleti bu yeni sahanın
muhtemel etkilerinin sonucunu ilk gören ülkelerden biridir. Ne var ki, ekonomik ve
sanayii yetersizlikler tedbir alınmasına en büyük engeli oluşturmuştur. Hava gücü,
Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonuna doğru önemli bir savaş unsuru olarak orduların
dikkatini çekmiştir. Burada edinilen tecrübeler ile askeri havacılık kısa zamanda
öngörülü orduların en önemli unsuru haline gelmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı Devleti, uçak, balon,planör, uzay.

The term of aviation has been associated with the Wright Brothers until earlier
times and the flight of the first aircraft is accepted as the milestone. There are some
objections against this situation. Europeans are generally seemed to accept the
Ancient Greek myths. In fact aviation is humanity's common heritage. Modern
aviation gained strength with air baloon and developed with gliders. In the end,
aviation became as significant as to influence the history humankind with the
invention of aircraft. Air baloons and aircrafts were used in World War I at the
same time in armies. Eventhough air baloons lost its place compared to aircrafts,
the made themseves heard until 1930s. Usage of aircrafts for military purposes
intelligence of warfare and its effect size also changed dramatically. Defence was
replaced with attack. The concept of total war became as effective as none of the
countries would escape. Aviation like the influence of railway a century ago became
the tool of reaching the national aims of the powerful countries and still is. In this
respect, Ottoman Empire was one of the countries which experienced the possible
effects of this new field. However, economic and industrial insufficiencies caused the
biggest barriers to take precautions. Today, aviation provides the the expansion
upwards and this soul gets its power from the experiences gained from World War I.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Aircraft, Air baloon, glide, space.

The term of aviation has been associated with the Wright Brothers until earlier
times and the flight of the first aircraft is accepted as the milestone. There are some
objections against this situation. Europeans are generally seemed to accept the
Ancient Greek myths. In fact aviation is humanity's common heritage. Modern
aviation gained strength with air baloon and developed with gliders. In the end,
aviation became as significant as to influence the history humankind with the
invention of aircraft. Air baloons and aircrafts were used in World War I at the
same time in armies. Eventhough air baloons lost its place compared to aircrafts,
the made themseves heard until 1930s. Usage of aircrafts for military purposes
intelligence of warfare and its effect size also changed dramatically. Defence was
replaced with attack. The concept of total war became as effective as none of the
countries would escape. Aviation like the influence of railway a century ago became
the tool of reaching the national aims of the powerful countries and still is. In this
respect, Ottoman Empire was one of the countries which experienced the possible
effects of this new field. However, economic and industrial insufficiencies caused the
biggest barriers to take precautions. Today, aviation provides the the expansion
upwards and this soul gets its power from the experiences gained from World War I.
Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Aircraft, Air baloon, glide, space.