Mütareke Döneminde İtilaf Devletlerinin Hapishaneler Üzerindeki Denetimi

Makale Türkçe 20. yy× Osmanlı×

Künye:

Yazarlar:

Tülay Alim BARAN

Ekle

Emeği Geçenler:

Ekle

Yayın Yılı:

2008

Yayınlandığı Eser:

Belleten

Cilt:

LXXII

Sayı:

263

Sayfa Aralığı:

155-174

İçerik Dosyası:

Web adresi:

http://www.ttk.org.tr/templates/resimler/File/Makaleler/263/263_3/263_3.html

Operatör:

Mehmet Şahin

Güncelleyen:

kaynakca.info

Özet:

Mondros Mütarekesi’nin imzalanması ile başlayan süreç, İstanbul’un işgal edilmesi, mütareke hükümlerinin keyfi uygulaması, otorite ve yetki karışıklığı gibi birden çok olumsuzluğu beraberinde getirmiştir. Yaşanan olumsuzluklardan birisi de İtilaf Devletlerinin Mondros Mütarekesi’nin dördüncü maddesinde yer alan harp esirlerinin teslim edilmesine ilişkin maddeyi kendilerince yorumlamalarından kaynaklanmıştır. Çünkü madde kimlerin bu kapsamda olduğunu ortaya koymakla beraber, uygulamada bu kapsama giren kişi ayrımı yapılmamış, Osmanlı vatandaşları, Mütareke imzalandığında henüz kurulmamış olan ülkelerin vatandaşları, Yunan uyruğundan olanlar ya da olduğu iddiasında bulunanlar salıverilmeye başlanmıştır. Adi suçlardan tutuklu bulunanlar da dahil olmak üzere düzensiz ve usulsüz salıvermelerin başladığı keyfi bir uygulama dönemi başlamıştır. İtilaf Devletleri temsilcileri tarafından Hapishaneleri teftiş etmek üzere heyetler oluşturulmuş ve bu heyetlerin raporlarında ortaya konulan olumsuzluklar mahkumların serbest bırakılması ya da alınıp götürülmesinin gerekçesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Hapishanelerin koşulları İtilaf Devletleri temsilcilerinin eleştirmek ve müdahale etmek için fırsat bulmasına neden olmuştur. Ancak hepsinden önemlisi hapishaneler üzerindeki denetim, Osmanlı kurumlarını bir karışıklığın içine sürüklemiş, suçluların rahatlıkla bırakılması nedeni ile devletin otoritesi ciddi şekilde sarsılmıştır.

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The supervision of prisons by the Allied Countries (pp. 155-174)
The time period starting with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros brought along many complications such as the invasion of Istanbul, the arbitrary implementation of the clauses of Mudros and a complexity of authority and jurisdiction. One of the complexities derived from the fact that the Allied countries interpreted the fourth clause of Mudros, which was about the submission of war prisoners, according to their own understanding. Although the clause was clear about who would be treated within this framework, in practice there was no clear distinction about who would be subject to this specific clause. Thus, Ottoman citizens, citizens of countries that were still not officially founded, citizens of Greek origin or who claimed to be of Greek origin were set free. An arbitrary practice of releasing prisoners including the criminal ones without order and proper work, had started. The Allied Countries’ representatives created committees to inspect prisons and the problems envisaged in their reports were used as excuses to release or to take away prisoners. The conditions of the prisons were an opportunity for the Allies’ criticism and intervention. But most importantly, the supervision of prisons by the Allied Countries, created a chaos among the institutions of the Ottoman Empire and due to the release of prisoners at convenience, the authority of the state weakened immensely.

***

The supervision of prisons by the Allied Countries (pp. 155-174)
The time period starting with the signing of the Armistice of Mudros brought along many complications such as the invasion of Istanbul, the arbitrary implementation of the clauses of Mudros and a complexity of authority and jurisdiction.  One of the complexities derived from the fact that the Allied countries interpreted the fourth clause of Mudros, which was about the submission of war prisoners, according to their own understanding.  Although the clause was clear about who would be treated within this framework, in practice there was no clear distinction about who would be subject to this specific clause.  Thus, Ottoman citizens, citizens of countries that were still not officially founded, citizens of Greek origin or who claimed to be of Greek origin were set free.  An arbitrary practice of releasing prisoners including the criminal ones without order and proper work, had started. The Allied Countries’ representatives created committees to inspect prisons and the problems envisaged in their reports were used as excuses to release or to take away prisoners.  The conditions of the prisons were an opportunity for the Allies’ criticism and intervention.  But most importantly, the supervision of prisons by the Allied Countries, created a chaos among the institutions of the Ottoman Empire and due to the release of prisoners at convenience, the authority of the state weakened immensely.